中央处理器（CPU，Central Processing Unit）是一块超大规模的集成电路，是一台计算机的运算核心（Core）和控制核心（ Control Unit）。它的功能主要是解释计算机指令以及处理计算机软件中的数据。中央处理器主要包括运算器（算术逻辑运算单元，ALU，ArithmeTIc Logic Unit）和高速缓冲存储器（Cache）及实现它们之间联系的数据（Data）、控制及状态的总线（Bus）。它与内部存储器（Memory）和输入/输出（I/O）设备合称为电子计算机三大核心部件。

中央处理器（CPU，Central Processing Unit）是一块超大规模的集成电路，是一台计算机的运算核心（Core）和控制核心（ Control Unit）。它的功能主要是解释计算机指令以及处理计算机软件中的数据。中央处理器主要包括运算器（算术逻辑运算单元，ALU，ArithmeTIc Logic Unit）和高速缓冲存储器（Cache）及实现它们之间联系的数据（Data）、控制及状态的总线（Bus）。它与内部存储器（Memory）和输入/输出（I/O）设备合称为电子计算机三大核心部件。

　　cpu的基本结构

　　从功能上看，一般CPU的内部结构可分为：控制单元、逻辑运算单元、存储单元（包括内部总线和缓冲器）三大部分。其中控制单元完成数据处理整个过程中的调配工作，逻辑单元则完成各个指令以便得到程序最终想要的结果，存储单元就负责存储原始数据以及运算结果。浑然一体的配合使得CPU拥有了强大的功能，可以完成包括浮点、多媒体等指令在内的众多复杂运算，也为数字时代加入了更多的活力。

　　逻辑部件

　　英文Logic components；运算逻辑部件。可以执行定点或浮点算术运算操作、移位操作以及逻辑操作，也可执行地址运算和转换。

　　寄存器

　　寄存器部件，包括寄存器、专用寄存器和控制寄存器。 通用寄存器又可分定点数和浮点数两类，它们用来保存指令执行过程中临时存放的寄存器操作数和中间（或最终）的操作结果。 通用寄存器是中央处理器的重要部件之一。

　　控制部件

　　英文Control unit；控制部件，主要是负责对指令译码，并且发出为完成每条指令所要执行的各个操作的控制信号。

　　其结构有两种：一种是以微存储为核心的微程序控制方式；一种是以逻辑硬布线结构为主的控制方式。

　　微存储中保持微码，每一个微码对应于一个最基本的微操作，又称微指令；各条指令是由不同序列的微码组成，这种微码序列构成微程序。中央处理器在对指令译码以后，即发出一定时序的控制信号，按给定序列的顺序以微周期为节拍执行由这些微码确定的若干个微操作，即可完成某条指令的执行。

5501-470

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a large scale integrated circuit, is a computer computing Core (Core) and Control Unit (Control Unit). Its main function is to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The central processing Unit (CPU) mainly consists of ArithmeTIc (arithmetic Logic unit, ALU, ArithmeTIc Logic Unit) and Cache (Cache) and the Data, control, and state Bus (Bus) connecting them. It, together with internal Memory (Memory) and input/output (I/O) devices, is called the three core components of electronic computers.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a large scale integrated circuit, is a computer computing Core (Core) and Control Unit (Control Unit). Its main function is to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The central processing Unit (CPU) mainly consists of ArithmeTIc (arithmetic Logic unit, ALU, ArithmeTIc Logic Unit) and Cache (Cache) and the Data, control, and state Bus (Bus) connecting them. It, together with internal Memory (Memory) and input/output (I/O) devices, is called the three core components of electronic computers.

The basic structure of the cpu

From the functional point of view, the internal structure of the general CPU can be divided into three parts: control unit, logical operation unit, storage unit (including internal bus and buffer). The control unit completes the deployment work in the whole process of data processing, the logical unit completes each instruction to get the final desired result of the program, and the storage unit is responsible for storing the original data and the result of the operation. The integrated cooperation makes the CPU have powerful functions, which can complete many complex operations including floating point, multimedia and other instructions, and also add more vitality to the digital era.

Logical unit

English Logic components; Arithmetic logic unit. You can perform fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic operations, shift operations, and logical operations, as well as address operations and conversions.

register

A register component includes a register, a special register and a control register. General purpose registers can be divided into fixed-point numbers and floating-point numbers, which are used to store register operands and intermediate (or final) operation results temporarily stored during instruction execution. General purpose register is one of the important components of central processing unit.

Control unit

English Control unit; The control component is mainly responsible for decoding the instructions and issuing the control signals for the various operations to be performed for each instruction.

There are two kinds of structure: one is microprogram control with micromemory as the core; One is based on the logic hard-wired structure of the control mode.

Microcode is maintained in microstorage, and each microcode corresponds to a most basic microoperation, also known as microinstruction; Each instruction is composed of a different sequence of microcode, and this microcode sequence constitutes a microprogram. After decoding the instructions, the central processor sends out a certain sequence of control signals, and executes a number of microoperations determined by these microcodes according to the given sequence in microcycles to the beat to complete the execution of a certain instruction.