按现代电力电子的应用领域，我们把模块电源划分如下：
绿色模块电源
高速发展的计算机技术带领人类进入了信息社会,同时也促进了模块电源技术的迅速发展。八十年代,计算机全面采用了开关电源,率先完成计算机电源换代。接着开关电源技术相继进人了电子、电器设备领域。 　计算机技术的发展,提出绿色电脑和绿色模块电源。绿色电脑泛指对环境无害的个人电脑和相关产品，绿色电源系指与绿色电脑相关的高效省电电源,根据美国环境保护署l992年6月17日“能源之星”计划规定,桌上型个人电脑或相关的外围设备,在睡眠状态下的耗电量若小于30瓦,就符合绿色电脑的要求,提高电源效率是降低电源消耗的根本途径。就效率为75%的200瓦开关电源而言,电源自身要消耗50瓦的能源。
高频开关
通信业的迅速发展极大的推动了通信电源的发展。高频小型化的开关电源及其技术已成为现代通信供电系统的主流。在通信领域中,通常将整流器称为一次电源,而将直流-直流(DC/DC)变换器称为二次电源。一次电源的作用是将单相或三相交流电网变换成标称值为48V的直流电源。在程控交换机用的一次电源中,传统的相控式稳压电源己被高频开关电源取代,高频开关电源(也称为开关型整流器SMR)通过MOSFET或IGBT的高频工作,开关频率一般控制在50-100kHz范围内,实现高效率和小型化。近几年,开关整流器的功率容量不断扩大,单机容量己从48V/12.5A、48V/20A扩大到48V/200A、48V/400A。
因通信设备中所用集成电路的种类繁多,其电源电压也各不相同,在通信供电系统中采用高功率密度的高频DC-DC隔离模块电源,从中间母线电压(一般为48V直流)变换成所需的各种直流电压,这样可大大减小损耗、方便维护,且安装、增加非常方便。一般都可直接装在标准控制板上,对二次电源的要求是高功率密度。因通信容量的不断增加,通信电源容量也将不断增加。
(DC/DC)变换器
DC/DC变换器将一个固定的直流电压变换为可变的直流电压,这种技术被广泛应用于无轨电车、地铁列车、电动车的无级变速和控制,同时使上述控制获得加速平稳、快速响应的性能,并同时收到节约电能的效果。用直流斩波器代替变阻器可节约电能(20~30)%。直流斩波器不仅能起调压的作用(开关电源), 同时还能起到有效地抑制电网侧谐波电流噪声的作用。
通信电源的二次电源DC/DC变换器已商品化,模块采用高频PWM技术,开关频率在500kHz左右,功率密度为5W~20W/in3。随着大规模集成电路的发展,要求模块电源实现小型化,因此就要不断提高开关频率和采用新的电路拓扑结构,已有一些公司研制生产了采用零电流开关和零电压开关技术的二次模块电源,功率密度有较大幅度的提高。

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According to the application fields of modern power electronics, we divide module power supplies as follows:
Green module power supply
The rapidly developing computer technology has led humanity into the information society, while also promoting the rapid development of modular power supply technology. In the 1980s, computers fully adopted switch mode power supplies, taking the lead in completing the replacement of computer power supplies. Subsequently, switch mode power supply technology entered the fields of electronics and electrical equipment. The development of computer technology has led to the proposal of green computers and green modular power supplies. Green computers generally refer to personal computers and related products that are harmless to the environment. Green power refers to efficient and energy-saving power sources related to green computers. According to the Energy Star program of the US Environmental Protection Agency on June 17, 1992, desktop personal computers or related peripheral devices that consume less than 30 watts of electricity while sleeping meet the requirements of green computers. Improving power efficiency is the fundamental way to reduce power consumption. For a 200 watt switching power supply with an efficiency of 75%, the power supply itself consumes 50 watts of energy.
High frequency switch
The rapid development of the communication industry has greatly promoted the development of communication power sources. The high-frequency miniaturized switching power supply and its technology have become the mainstream of modern communication power supply systems. In the field of communication, rectifiers are commonly referred to as primary power sources, while DC/DC converters are referred to as secondary power sources. The function of a primary power supply is to convert a single-phase or three-phase AC power grid into a nominal DC power supply of 48V. In the primary power supply used in programmable switches, the traditional phase controlled regulated power supply has been replaced by high-frequency switching power supply. High frequency switching power supply (also known as switching rectifier SMR) operates at high frequencies through MOSFET or IGBT, and the switching frequency is generally controlled within the range of 50-100kHz, achieving high efficiency and miniaturization. In recent years, the power capacity of switch rectifiers has been continuously expanding, and the single machine capacity has expanded from 48V/12.5A and 48V/20A to 48V/200A and 48V/400A.
Due to the wide variety of integrated circuits used in communication equipment, their power supply voltages are also different. In communication power supply systems, high-frequency DC-DC isolation module power supplies with high power density are used to transform the intermediate bus voltage (usually 48V DC) into various required DC voltages. This can greatly reduce losses, facilitate maintenance, and is very convenient to install and increase. Generally, it can be directly installed on a standard control board, and the requirement for the secondary power supply is high power density. Due to the continuous increase in communication capacity, the capacity of communication power supply will also continue to increase.
(DC/DC) converter
The DC/DC converter converts a fixed DC voltage into a variable DC voltage, which is widely used in the continuously variable speed and control of trackless trams, subway trains, and electric vehicles. At the same time, it enables the above control to achieve stable acceleration and fast response performance, while also achieving energy-saving effects. Replacing a variable resistor with a DC chopper can save (20-30)% of electrical energy. DC chopper can not only regulate voltage (switch mode power supply), but also effectively suppress harmonic current noise on the grid side.
The secondary power supply DC/DC converter for communication power supply has been commercialized, and the module adopts high-frequency PWM technology. The switching frequency is around 500kHz, and the power density is 5W~20W/in3. With the development of large-scale integrated circuits, miniaturization of modular power supplies is required. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously increase the switching frequency and adopt new circuit topologies. Some companies have developed and produced secondary modular power supplies that use zero current switching and zero voltage switching technology, resulting in a significant increase in power density.